ISLAMIC MOVEMENTS
Graduate Class
A 303
Thursday (16:55 - 20:35）
Instructor: Tugrul Keskin
Office: A
Building # 562
Cell: 86+15000-465734
Office Hours: Thursday 11:00 – 4:00 PM or by
appointment
The rule of
man over man is exploitation; submission to Allah the creator is the only way
to emancipation.
A slogan by Islami Jamiat-i Tulabah
Those who do not rule in accordance with
God’s revelations are the disbelievers.
Al-Maeda
(44) The Qur’an
Course Description and Objective:
This course will examine the role of Islamic movements
(IM) and Islamic parties (IP) in the contemporary Muslim world in the global
age of capitalism. In the course, we focus on IM and IP and their relationship
with global capitalism, democracy, free speech, gender issues, human rights,
inequality, colonialism/imperialism, modernity, secularism and governance. All
of these concepts are directly related with the conditions of modernity which are
created by capitalist mode of production; therefore, I perceive Political Islam
(IM and IP) as a product of modern conditions, such as urbanization, the emergence
of a manufacturing-based economy, the increased availability of higher
education, women’s participation in education and the workforce, and the elimination
of traditional social values. Christianity and Judaism have also been
struggling to redefine themselves under the new rules and regulations – not
revelations - for over 200 years; whereas in Muslim Societies, the conditions
of modernity are newer. Therefore, Muslims are
now being asked to decide between the expression
and practice of Din/Religion and the material
world in their daily life. In these societies there is an ongoing struggle
between the observance of God, and the pursuit of material conditions.
Although Political Islam could be seen as a direct
reaction to modern politics, Islam has always been political; it is an
inherently political religion with rules that regulate every aspect of a believer’s
daily life, much in the same way that capitalism does.
We
will look at Islam from a sociological point of view – not from the theological
perspective, and seek to understand what Islam means to Muslim-populated societies.
Islam plays a major role in world politics today, especially following the
collapse of the Soviet Union. Islamic movements and parties have also occupied
the public and political sphere more noticeably from the 1980s until the
present time. Today, Islam is the religion of one fifth of the World’s
population, and is one of the fastest growing religions. Muslims live in many
regions across the globe; from Morocco to Indonesia. The contribution of Islam
to world civilization is undeniable, however in the last one hundred years,
Muslims have experienced conditions of economic underdevelopment, dictatorship,
colonialism/exploitation/imperialism, and most importantly, the onset of modernity.
We will discuss the following questions and themes; what does modernity mean
for Muslims? Will there be an Islamic renaissance? How about an Islamic
reformation? In relation to these questions, what are today’s Islamic movements
and parties trying to achieve? Unlike in the past, Islamic movements and
parties have been very successful in democratic elections in the Muslim world, such
as Hamas in Israel/Palestine, the Justice and Development Party in Turkey,
Hizbullah in Lebanon, the Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt, and Al-Nahda in Tunisia.
In this course, we seek to understand the motivations of these movements, the
reasons for their broad social and political popularity and relevance, and
their unique hierarchical structures. This
course does not concern itself with Al-Qaida or other terrorist organizations,
but does familiarize students with IM and IP more generally. This course examines the roots and traces the
development of IM and IP in North Africa, the Middle East, Central Asia and
South East Asia.
As described, Islam is not just a
religion, but is also likely to manifest as a socio-economic and political
structure; therefore, one must understand the socio-historical background and
the origin of Islamic belief systems, as well as their underpinning theoretical
basis from thinkers such as:
- Ibn Taymiyya - http://www.muslimphilosophy.com/ip/rep/H039.htm
- Jamal ad-Din al-Afghani - http://www.cis-ca.org/voices/a/afghni.htm
- Hasan Al-Banna - http://web.youngmuslims.ca/online_library/books/tmott/
- Sayyid Qutb – http://web.youngmuslims.ca/online_library/books/milestones/
- Sayyid Abul Ala Mawdudi - http://www.abulala.com/
- Ali Shariati - http://www.shariati.com/
- Fazlur Rahman - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fazlur_Rahman
Objectives:
The course objectives are 1) to
acquaint students with both traditional and contemporary literature and
research on Islamic movements, and 2) to introduce students to the historical
and ideological basis of Classical and Contemporary Islamic Political Thought.
Recommended Books:
- Fazlur Rahman. 2002. Islam. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
2.
Tugrul Keskin, The
Sociology of Islam: Secularism, Economy and Politics. Ithaca Press, 2011.
ISBN: 978-0-86372-371-1
3.
Asef Bayat (Ed.). Post-Islamism The Changing Faces of
Political Islam. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://global.oup.com/academic/product/post-islamism-9780199766079?cc=us&lang=en&
4.
Kamran Bokhari, Farid Senzai. Political Islam in the
Age of Democratization. Palgrave, 2013. http://www.palgrave.com/page/detail/political-islam-in-the-age-of-democratization-kamran-bokhari/?K=9781137008480
- Richard C. Martin and Abbas Barzegar (Eds.). Islamism Contested Perspectives on Political Islam. Stanford University Press, 2019.
- Fredric Volpi. Political Islam Observed. New York, NY: Columbia University Press, 2010.
- When Victory Is Not An Option: Islamist Movements in Arab Politics by Nathan J. Brown. Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press, 2012.
8. Mohammed Zahid. The Muslim Brotherhood and Egypt's Succession Crisis: The Politics of Liberalisation and Reform in the Middle East. I. B. Tauris, 2012.
- Humeira Iqtidar. 2011. Secularizing Islamists? Jama'at-e-Islami and Jama'at-ud-Da'wa in Urban Pakistan. The University of Chicago Press. http://www.press.uchicago.edu/ucp/books/book/chicago/S/bo11017672.html
Recommended
Additional Readings:
- Humeira Iqtidar. 2011. Secularizing Islamists? Jama'at-e-Islami and Jama'at-ud-Da'wa in Urban Pakistan. The University of Chicago Press. http://www.press.uchicago.edu/ucp/books/book/chicago/S/bo11017672.html
- Asef Bayat. 2007. Making Islam Democratic: Social Movements and the Post-Islamist Turn. Stanford University Press.
- Mohammed Zahid. 2010. The Muslim Brotherhood and Egypt's Succession Crisis: The Politics of Liberalisation and Reform in the Middle East. I.B.Tauris. ISBN: 9781845119799
- Fouad Zakariyya and Ibrahim M. Abu-Rabi. 2005. Myth and Reality in the Contemporary Islamist Movement. Pluto Press.
- Fouad Zakariyya and Ibrahim M. Abu-Rabi. 2005. Myth and Reality in the Contemporary Islamist Movement. Pluto Press. ISBN: 9780745322469
- Azza Karam. 2004. Transnational Political Islam: Religion, Ideology and Power. Pluto Press. ISBN: 9780745316253
- Amr G. E. Sabet. 2008. Islam and the Political Theory, Governance and International Relations. Pluto Press. ISBN: 9780745327198
11. Edmund
Burke and Ira Lapidus (Ed.), Islam, Politics and Social Movements, Los Angeles, CA: University of
California Press, 1988.
12.
Oliver Roy, Globalized Islam, New York, NY: Columbia University
Press, 2004.
13.
Quintan Wiktorowicz (Ed.), Islamic Activism: A
Social Movement Theory Approach, Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press,
2004.
14.
Graham E. Fuller, The Future of Political Islam, New York, NY: Palgrave
McMillan, 2003.
- Amina Wadud, Qur’an and Woman: Reading the Sacred Text from a Women’s Perspective, New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 1999.
- Carl Ernst, Following Muhammad: Rethinking Islam in the Contemporary World, Chapel Hill, North Carolina: University of North Carolina Press, 2003.
- Charles Kurzman (Ed.), Liberal Islam, New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 1998.
- Charles Kurzman (Ed.), Modernist Islam, 1840-1940. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 2002.
- Fatma Mernissi, Beyond the Veil: Male-Female Dynamics in a Modern Muslim Society, Indiana University Press.
- Mansoor Moaddel. 2005. Islamic Modernism, Nationalism and Fundamentalism: Episode and Discourse, Chicago, IL: The University of Chicago Press.
22.
Walid Abdelnasser. The Islamic Movement
in Egypt: Perceptions of International Relations 1967-1981.
23.
Hala Haber. 1997. Hezbollah: Born with
a Vengeance. Columbia University
Press.
24.
Abdessalam Yassine. 2000. Winning the
Modern World for Islam. Iowa
City, Iowa: Justice and Spirituality Publishing.
25.
Ahmed Rashid. 2002. Jihad: The Rise of
Militant Islam in Central Asia. New York, NY: Penguin Books.
26. Ahmed
Rashid. 2001. Taliban: Militant Islam, Oil and Fundamentalism in central
Asia. Yale University Press.
27.
John Esposito. 1999. The Islamic
Threat: Myth or Reality. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
28.
Joel Beinin and Joe Stork. Political
Islam: Essays from the Middle East Report.
29.
John Esposito. 1983. Voices of
Resurgent Islam. New York, NY: The Oxford University Press.
34. Nikki
R. Keddie, Modern Iran: Roots and Results of Revolution. Yale University Press, 2003.
35. James
L. Gelvin, The Modern Middle East: A History. Oxford University Press,
2007. ISBN13: 9780195327595.
36. William
L. Cleveland. A History of the Modern Middle East. Westview Press, 2004.
ISBN: 9780813343747
Documentaries and
Movies:
- The Power of Nightmares: Part I: Baby It's Cold Outside
- The Power of Nightmares: Part II: The Phantom Victory
- The Power of Nightmares: Part III: The Shadows in the Cave
- Why We Fight - A Film By Eugene Jarecki http://www.sonyclassics.com/whywefight/
·
Taxi to the Dark Side (2007)
·
Standard Operating Procedure (2008)
·
On Orientalism-Edward Said
·
The Hezbollah Mystery
·
The Rise and Rise of the Party of God - Lebanon
·
Gaza / HAMAS – Rise to Power
·
Hamas Rulers of Gaza Documentary
·
Muslim Brotherhood - National Geographic Documentary
·
Doha Debates - Political Islam
·
Iranian Revolution 1979 Fall of a Shah - BBC
Documentary
Recommended
Websites:
- http://www.pbuh.us/
- http://www.muhammad.net/
- http://www.al-islam.org/
- http://www.lastprophet.info/
- http://www.islamworld.net/
- http://www.islamicity.com/
Recommended Qur’an
Websites:
- http://quran.com/
- http://www.quranexplorer.com/quran/
- http://www.quran.net/
- http://www.quranflash.com/en/quranflash.html
- http://www.quranreading.com/
- http://quran.al-islam.org/
- http://www.englishtafsir.com/
Mosques in
Shanghai
1.
Huxi Mosque
The Shanghai Huxi Mosque is the first
rebuilt mosque in Shanghai after the establishment of the Peoples' Republic of
China. It demonstrates a strong Arabic/Islamic architectural style with
traditional grounds and interior.
Address: China, Shanghai Shi, Putuo Qu, 常德路1328弄3号
Phone: +86 21 6277 2076
Metro Line - 7
2. Fuyou Road Mosque (North Mosque)
The Fuyou Road Mosque was first built
during the ninth year of Tongzhi during the Qing Dynasty (1644-1911). The
mosque was once the political, religious, and cultural center for Muslims in
the area.
Address: 378 Fuyou Rd, Huangpu Qu, China,
200000
Phone: +86 21 6328 2135
3. The Xiaotaoyuan Mosque
Formerly known as Islamic Western Mosque or
Shanghai Western Mosque, is a mosque in Huangpu District, Shanghai, China. It
is the largest mosque in Shanghai. It was first built in 1917 and then rebuilt
in 1925. The mosque has been home to many Islamic schools throughout its
existence and has contributed to the religious education of many Chinese
Muslims throughout history.
Address: 52 Xiaotaoyuan St, LaoXiMen,
Huangpu Qu, Shanghai Shi, China
Phone: +86 21 6377 5442
Metro Line –
4. Shanghai Female Mosque
Address: No. 24, Xiaotaoyuan Street,
Huangpu District, Shanghai Tel: 021-63775442 Capacity: 200 Other Names:
Xiaotaoyuan Mosque for Women
5. The Songjiang Mosque
Songjiang University Town – Old City – (formerly
called the Real Religion Mosque, is a mosque in Songjiang District, Shanghai,
China. It is the oldest mosque in Shanghai. You can see a mixture of Islamic
and Chinese architecture due to the history and culture it has stood a part of
since the last years of the Yuan Empire (1271-1368).
Address: 75 Gangbeng Alley, Songjiang Qu,
Shanghai Shi, China, 201600
Phone: +86 21 5782 3684
Metro Line - 9
6. The Jiangwan Mosque
It is a mosque in Yangpu District,
Shanghai, China
Address: 86 Zhengfu Rd, WuJiaoChang, Yangpu
Qu, Shanghai Shi, China, 200433
Phone: +86 21 3381 2066
Metro Line - 10
7.
Shanghai
Pudong Mosque (上海浦东清真寺)
The Shanghai Pudong Mosque was first built in
1935, and the now rebuilt temple was expanded in 1935 by the Chinese
government. The newly built mosque now covers an area of 1,650 square
meters. Attractions: Located in Pudong
District, this mosque offers easy access for tourists. Inside visitors can find
shops selling Islamic study materials and even Halal food items. The temple
boasts a spacious courtyard and prayer hall, which can hold about 500 people
during prayer. Location: 375 Yuansheng
Road, Pudong District, Shanghai (上海市浦东新区源深路375号). You can show this address
to the taxi driver. You can also reach this mosque through the 975 bus line.
The nearest metro station is Yuan Shen Road Station on Line 6.
Recommended
Documentaries:
- Muhammad: Legacy of a Prophet 2005 a film by Michael Schwarz http://www.pbs.org/muhammad/
- Inside Islam – History Channel
- 30 Days as a Muslim, a 2006 film by Morgan Spurlock
Course Philosophy:
The goal of this course is to
enable students to write a theoretically guided and empirically rooted research
paper. I expect you to become familiar with the social, political and
economic underpinnings of Islam and Islamic movements.
The success of this course
depends on your continued and sustained reading and participation. The course
will be based on a four-dimensional method of learning, and this includes
inquiry and critical thinking; communication; the diversity of human
experience; and ethics and social responsibility. First, I would like you to
critically analyze what you learn in this class or have learned so far through
the media and education, because in today’s world, truth is a relative concept.
Throughout human history, critical thinking is the one of the most important
factors that has contributed to human development. In order to become
active, self-motivated, empowered learners and future leaders, you will need to
have the ability to think critically, and therefore your criticism, feedback
and suggestions are necessary. Second, I would like you to enhance your writing
and oral communication skills in this course. Therefore, it is important to
clearly elaborate your arguments in the class discussion as well as in the
written assignments.
Third, we are each part of the human mosaic, and all have different experiences based on our social, political and economic differences. We can all learn from and respect each other and benefit from our diversity. Please try to learn from and understand those with different perspectives than you. Lastly, we need to learn that we are all part of this intellectual community and larger society, and all have social and ethical responsibilities to our family, community, classmates, and humanity. We live in a globalized world and therefore, we need to be aware of events in our community, and the world today. In order to enhance our knowledge, we must critically examine our social, political and economic environment in order to apply this knowledge to our experience.
Third, we are each part of the human mosaic, and all have different experiences based on our social, political and economic differences. We can all learn from and respect each other and benefit from our diversity. Please try to learn from and understand those with different perspectives than you. Lastly, we need to learn that we are all part of this intellectual community and larger society, and all have social and ethical responsibilities to our family, community, classmates, and humanity. We live in a globalized world and therefore, we need to be aware of events in our community, and the world today. In order to enhance our knowledge, we must critically examine our social, political and economic environment in order to apply this knowledge to our experience.
Course Requirements
To prevent confusion later,
please read the following information carefully:
Item Date Weight
(%)
5 Reflection Papers Sunday
60.0
Attendance
4.0
Class Participation
4.0
Newspaper Articles 4.0
Weekly Presentation
8.0
Final Paper
20.0
Reflection papers: The reflection papers will include an open book essay that
will determine what you have learned in class each week. I will ask you four
questions regarding the weekly reading and class discussion. The reflection papers should be at least
1200 words. Font size should be Times New Roman, 12 point. The due date for each exam is Sunday by
12:00 midnight. You need to email me your reflection papers with Word document.
Criteria: If your
paper is less than 1200 words, or late, you will loose 4 points.
Participation/Attendance:
Each student must read the course materials before they attend class, and I
expect them to participate in class discussion. Regular class attendance is one
of the most important parameters to successful completion of the course
requirements. If you find interesting articles, books, videos, or other sources
that pertain to the class topics and discussion, please share them with me and
with your classmates. This can count towards your class participation score. If you miss more than 4 classes, you
will not have participation/attendance
grade.
Newspaper Articles: During the semester, you can bring 4
newspaper articles related with our class subjects. You cannot bring more
than one article in the same week. You will have to summarize these
articles verbally. Newspaper
articles sent by email will not be accepted. Please bring the first page of the
printed/hard copy of the article to class. Some of the recommended newspapers
include The Guardian, Al-Jazeera, Democracynow.org, Financial Times, The New
York Times, The Wall Street Journal and the Economist. You can only bring an
article on Mondays.
Weekly Presentations: Each week, two or three students will
be assigned a weekly topic from the readings. These students will summarize the
readings and prepare a content outline and 4-6 questions for the class, in
order to come prepared to lead the class discussion for 15 minutes. Each
student must always read the course materials before they attend class, and I
expect you to participate actively in the class discussion. I strongly
recommend that you present in earlier weeks rather than later in the semester,
because you may not find the right time available to present, and will loose
presentation points. Presentation dates are available on a first-come
first-served basis. The timeline for weekly presentations will be provided in
the first week of class. After we have filled in student names and finalized
the weekly presentation schedule.
Final Paper: This will be a group project. Each group of two
or three students will select a recommended Islamic Movement or party, which
you will analyze within a theoretical framework from this class. The paper will be a research paper and you
can use other sources as well, however you should clearly use citations. You
will present a draft version of your paper in the Islamic Movements Students
Conference at the last week of class. This mini-student conference
will be open to the public. The final paper is an empirical paper of at
least 6.000 words, Times New Roman font, 12 point, doubled spaced. I must
approve your paper topic and plan ahead of time. The final paper proposals are
due as MS Word attachments emailed to me by………………... The last day to submit your
final paper is ……………………...
IMPORTANT REMINDER FOR YOUR FINAL PAPER:
· You are responsible for selecting your own
group-mates,
· Please select your group mates based on
common interests,
· You are responsible for the entire paper,
· You will receive a grade based on the quality
of the ENTIRE paper,
· If your group-mates do not cooperate with the
rest of the group, you can remove him/her by sending him/her an email; please
CC: me on the same email,
· Please do not send me an email at the end of
the semester to say that your group mates did not write his or her part; again,
you are responsible for the entire paper
Recommended Islamic Movements and Parties:
· Hezbollah - Lebanon
· Jama’at-e Islami of Pakistan
· Prosperous
Justice Party of Indonesia
· Hizb-ut
Tahrir
· Islamic
Action Front of Jordan
· The
Fethullah Gulen Movement of Turkey – Hizmet Movement
· Muslim Brotherhood - Al-‐Ikhwan al‐Muslimeen
· Hamas - Ḥarakat al-Muqāwamat
al-Islāmiyyah
· Nahdatul Ulama of Indonesia
· Renaissance Party of Tunisia (Al-
Nahda)
· Justice and Development Party of
Morocco
· Justice and Development Party of
Turkey (Adalet ve Kalkinma Partisi, AK Parti)
· Islamic Salvation Front of
Algeria (Al-Jabhat
Al-Islamiyya lil-Inqad, FIS)
·
The Tablighi Jamaat
· Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party
(Parti Islam Se Malaysia, PAS)
·
National Salvation Party of Turkey (Milli Gorus)
§
National Order Party (Milli Nizam Partisi)
§
National Salvation Party (Milli Selamet Partisi)
§
Virtue Party (Fazilet Partisi)
· Nur Movement of Turkey
(Said-i Nursi)
· Al-Noor Party - Salafi
Movement of Egypt
· The Muslim Brotherhood of
Syria
CRITERIA: If final paper
proposal is late (……….) you will loose 3 points!
If your final
paper is late, you will loose another 4 points!
If your
final paper is less then 6.000 words, you will loose 5 points!
Format: ASA citation and
bibliography format will be followed. All work should adhere to the guidelines
published by the American Sociological Association (ASA) at http://www.asanet.org/cs/root/topnav/sociology_depts/quick_style_guide
This is not a definitive
source, but is a Quick Guide provided by ASA.
PLEASE
READ CAREFULLY! - Electronic Devices &
Other Classroom Policies
Coming late to class and
leaving early: Latecomers
will not be accepted in the class, so be on time. If you are late for a class, please do not disturb your
classmates and me and do not come at all. Please also do not send an
email or call me regarding your class attendance. If there is a medical
need, bring a letter from a doctor. Whatever the reason is, if you cannot come
to class, this is your responsibility. If you miss more than 4 classes, you
will not receive an attendance/participation grade. PLEASE DO NOT LEAVE EARLY
EITHER! This is a class, not a coffee shop!
Laptop and cell phone policy: No electronic devices
(including but not limited to laptops, cell phones, blackberries, etc) are to
be used in the classroom. This includes talking on the phone, texting, playing
games, surfing the web, or any other inappropriate usage. Those caught using
restricted devices will be asked to leave class. Lectures may not be
recorded with audio or multi-media devices. Please turn your cell phone off
before you come to class.
Responsibility: You and/or your parents pay tuition for this
class; therefore, you have responsibility to yourself and/or your parents. Passing
or failing the class is not the main objective, rather that you learn and
improve your knowledge. Please read and try to understand the main concepts of
this class. If you are having difficulty, please do not hesitate to see me and
discuss your concerns!
Grades: Your grade for
this course will be based on your performance on the following components,
shown with their dates and respective weights:
The grading system in this
class is as follows:
A 95-100
A- 90-94
B+ 86-89
B 85
B- 80-84
C+ 76-79
C 75
C- 70-74
D+ 66-69
D 65
D- 60-64
F (Failure)
Additional Remarks: If you have difficulty with the
course, please schedule a time to discuss your concerns with me, to help you
get back on track.
The chief characteristic of the Islamic Concept
of Life is that it does not admit a conflict, nay, not even a significant
separation between life-spiritual and life-mundane. It does not confine itself
merely in purifying the spiritual and the moral life of man in the limited
sense of the word. Its domain extends to the entire gamut of life. It wants to
mould individual life as well as the social order in healthy patterns, so that
the Kingdom of God may really be established on the earth and so that peace,
contentment and well-being may fill the world as waters fill the oceans. The
Islamic Way of Life is based on this unique approach to life and a peculiar
concept of man's place in the Universe.
Mawdudi,
The Islamic Way of Life
Course
Timeline
First Week
|
DOCUMENTARY:
|
Second Week
|
DOCUMENTARY:
· Iranian Revolution 1979 Fall of a Shah - BBC
Documentary
|
Third Week
|
o
The Muslim
Brotherhood in Egypt http://www.ikhwanweb.com/
DOCUMENTARY:
· Muslim Brotherhood National Geographic Documentary
|
Sunday
|
Reflection Paper – 1
|
Fourth Week
|
DOCUMENTARY:
|
Sunday
|
Reflection Paper – 2
|
Monday
|
Final Paper Proposal must be approved by
Monday, February 2nd
Please email me your final paper proposal
and name of the group members.
|
Fifth Week
|
· Fethullah Gulen's
Grand Ambition Turkey's Islamist Danger by Rachel Sharon-Krespin - http://www.meforum.org/2045/fethullah-gulens-grand-ambition
DOCUMENTARY:
|
Sixth Week
|
DOCUMENTARY:
· The Hezbollah Mystery
· The Rise and Rise of the Party of God - Lebanon
· Gaza / HAMAS – Rise to Power
·
Hamas Rulers of
Gaza Documentary
|
Sunday
|
Reflection Paper – 3
|
Seventh Week
|
|
Eighth Week
|
|
Sunday
|
Reflection Paper – 4
|
Ninth Week
|
|
Sunday
|
Reflection Paper -5
|
Tenth
Week
|
·
Islamist
Parties Post-Arab Spring Khalil Al-Anani
·
Toward a Theory
of “Islamist Movements” By Mark Gould
DOCUMENTARY:
·
Doha Debates -
Political Islam
Final Paper Presentations
|
Sunday
|
Final Paper Deadline
Please email me your paper.
|
