Selected Readings of International Relations
Artificial Intelligence and International
Relations
Graduate Class – Fall 2018
Wednesday – 13:05 – 16:45
East Campus, Graduate School, Room 201
Instructor: Tugrul Keskin
Office: College
of Liberal Arts
Cell: 86+15000-465734
Office Hours: Thursday 1:00 – 4:00 PM or by
appointment
If the
government regulates against use of drones or stem cells or artificial
intelligence, all that means is that the work and the research leave the
borders of that country and go someplace else.
Peter Diamandis
Modern
technology has become a total phenomenon for civilization, the defining force
of a new social order in which efficiency is no longer an option but a
necessity imposed on all human activity.
Jacques Ellul
Course Description and Objective
The focus of this course is Artificial Intelligence and International
Relations. As a result of the modern economic system, a modern state was
created with modern institutions, such as state bureaucracy, modern military,
foreign ministries, intelligence services, police, etc. However, the modern
economic system also produced modern private institutions, such as companies,
think tanks, NGOs, international organizations, foundations, etc. Hence society
and the individual have changed over time, becoming more educated, traveling
more, working more, and becoming more selfish and more consumption oriented.
On the other hand, in this process of transformation from traditional
work to more automated dehumanized work, everything we do is recorded, watched,
and observed by state or private institutions for security or consumption
purposes. In the late 18th century, the invention of the steamship
engine changed the basic dynamics of social and political structures;
therefore, we started to see the new society based in the urban areas. The
emergence of the modern state or nation-state was generated from this process
of the new economy.
In the beginning of the 20th century, Ford’s assembly line
and Taylor’s organizational management revolutionized state and society in a
different direction than the invention of the steamship engine. Modern state
structure started to form and coincided with interests of the upper class
bourgeoisie. As a result, we became citizens unlike before, modern
parliamentary democracy took shape; we witnessed two World Wars directly
related with technological advancement in the military; in 1950s, people or
citizens started to ask for more democracy and freedom. The United Nations was
established with the shared common destiny for all who live on this planet.
However, in the early 1990s, the IT industry began to revolutionize how companies
and states operate vis-à-vis with political structure and citizens. Security
studies started to emerge as a part of International Relations with
conservative tendencies. Facebook, Google, Twitter, Wechat, Alipay, credit card
system, and digital footprint system began to dominate domestic as well as
international politics. This new technological advancement has changed our lives
as citizens of a state, whether you live in the United States or China.
Everything we buy online is recorded by a company for marketing purposes to
sell more. The companies created massive databases for targeting costumers, whereas
a state started to use AI or IT innovations for its own security in
intelligence, police, foreign relations, terrorism, etc. In the early 2000s, Boston
dynamics began to develop a military robot for U.S. military by using AI, which
is very similar to Russian and Chinese state-owned companies. These new changes
will definitely have an impact on our society, democracy, freedom, and social
life.
One of the most important changes will take place in International
Relations. In this class, we attempt to understand what changes might take
place. What would be the negative or beneficial consequences for using
artificial intelligence in the 21st century? Who will be affected?
Who will use AI in international relations and why? How long have we been using
AI in IR? This is a new topic; we do not have the answer yet, but we will try
to understand how AI revolutionizes state-to-state relations in terms of IR.
Learning Outcomes (Tugrul Keskin):
By
the end of the course, you will have enhanced your:
§
Critical
thinking in relation
to Artificial Intelligence
§
Ability
to question dogmas and taboos in today’s societies
§
Consciousness
of differing perspectives and diversity
- Understanding
of world issues and trends in the context of Artificial Intelligence
§
Understanding
of the impact of Artificial Intelligence in the modern world
You also will increase your knowledge
concerning:
§
Resources
in your potential discipline
§
Resources
specific to your region
§
Traditional
information sources
§
Alternative
information sources
§
Knowledge
of relevant methodologies
Learning Outcomes
Core Learning Outcome: Students will demonstrate an understanding
of Artificial Intelligence within the context of International Relations, as
well as developing the skills and attitudes to function as “global citizens.”
Specific Outcomes:
- Demonstrates knowledge of global issues, processes,
trends, and systems (i.e., economic and political interdependency among
nations; environmental-cultural interaction; global governance bodies).
- Can articulate an understanding of her/his culture in
global and comparative context; that is, recognizes that her/his culture
is one of many diverse cultures and that alternate perceptions and
behaviors may be based in cultural differences.
- Demonstrates an understanding of the meaning and
practice of political, military, economic, and cultural hegemony within
states and within the global system.
- Demonstrates an understanding of how her/his field is
viewed and practiced in different international contexts.
- Uses diverse cultural perspectives and frames of
reference, including those of the media, to think critically and solve
problems.
- Uses information from other languages and other
countries to extend their access to information and experiences.
- Interprets issues and situations from more than one
cultural perspective.
- Can articulate differences among cultures;
demonstrates tolerance for the diverse viewpoints that emerge from these
differences.
- Demonstrates a critical understanding of the
historical origins of the nation-state and its current role in the global
system.
- Can apply the key theoretical concepts in the field
to interpret global issues.
- Exhibits an ongoing willingness to seek out
international or intercultural opportunities.
Some Readings:
1.
A Cyborg Manifesto by Donna Haraway
- Artificial Intelligence and International Politics by Valerie M. Hudson
https://www.amazon.com/Artificial-Intelligence-International-Politics-Valerie/dp/0813309379
- The Political Economy of Robots:
Prospects for Prosperity and Peace in the Automated 21st Century. Kiggins, Ryan (Ed.) Palgrave 2018. https://www.palgrave.com/gp/book/9783319514659
4.
The Future Computed: Artificial
Intelligence and its Role in Society
You will see other
readings in the course timeline section below.
Recommended Readings:
- Transforming Technology: A Critical Theory Revisited. Andrew
Feenberg. Oxford University Press, 2002.
- Technological Innovation in Legacy Sectors. William B. Bonvillian
and Charles Weiss Oxford University Press, 2015. https://global.oup.com/academic/product/technological-innovation-in-legacy-sectors-9780199374519?cc=tr&lang=en&
- Power, Information Technology, and International Relations Theory
The Power and Politics of US Foreign Policy and the Internet. McCarthy, D.
Palgrave, 2015. https://www.palgrave.com/us/book/9781137306890
- Technopolitics: How
Technology Shapes Relations Among Nations Mohan Malik.
- Isaac Asimov
- How Artificial Intelligence Could Increase the Risk of Nuclear War
https://www.rand.org/blog/articles/2018/04/how-artificial-intelligence-could-increase-the-risk.html
- Chinese artificial intelligence start-up SenseTime raises $620m
for its facial recognition technology
- A Proposal for the Dartmouth Summer Research Project
on Artificial Intelligence
Text of the original 1955 Dartmouth Proposal.
http://jmc.stanford.edu/articles/dartmouth/dartmouth.pdf
- Deep in the Pentagon, a Secret AI Program to Find Hidden Nuclear
Missiles https://www.voanews.com/a/deep-in-the-pentagon-a-secret-ai-program-to-find-hidden-nuclear-missiles/4425464.html
- Artificial Intelligence To Contribute $320 Billion To The Middle
East By 2030 https://www.forbesmiddleeast.com/en/artificial-intelligence-to-contribute-320-billion-to-the-middle-east-by-2030/
- Will Artificial Intelligence Undermine Nuclear Stability? by
Andrew J. Lohn and Edward Geist https://www.rand.org/blog/2018/05/will-artificial-intelligence-undermine-nuclear-stability.html
- Artificial intelligence in non-profit organizations Darrell M. West and Theron Kelso
Tuesday, June 5, 2018
- Big Data, Artificial Intelligence, and Autonomous Policy
Decision-Making: A Crisis in International Relations Theory? By Ryan David
Kiggins https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-319-51466-6_10
- Åkersten, S.I. 1987. The Strategic Computing Program. In Arms and
Artificial Intelligence: Weapon and Arms Control Applications of Advanced
Computing, ed. A.M. Din, 87–99. SIPRI: Stockholm, Sweden.
- Din, A.M. 1987. Arms and Artificial Intelligence: Weapon and Arms
Control Applications of Advanced Computing. Stockholm: Stockholm
International Peace Research Institute.
- Gantz, J., and D. Reinsel. 2012. The Digital Universe in 2020: Big
Data, Bigger Digital Shadows, and Biggest Growth in the Far East. https://www.emc.com/collateral/analyst-reports/idc-digital-universe-united-states.pdf.
Accessed 2 Sep 2016.
- Howard, P.N. 2015. Pax Technica: How the Internet of Things May
Set Us Free or Lock Us Up. New Haven: Yale University Press. https://yalebooks.yale.edu/book/9780300199475/pax-technica
- Mayer-Schönberger, V., and K. Cukier. 2013. Big Data: A Revolution
that will Transform How We Live, Work, and Think. Boston: Houghton Mifflin
Harcourt. https://www.amazon.com/Big-Data-Revolution-Transform-Think/dp/0544227751
- Monahan, T. 2010. The Future of Security? Surveillance Operations
at Homeland Security Fusion Centers. Social Justice 37 2/3 (120–121):
84–98. http://publicsurveillance.com/papers/FC_Social_Justice.pdf
- Monahan, T., and N.A. Palmer. 2009. The Emerging Politics of DHS
Fusion Centers. Security Dialogue 40 (6): 617–636. https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/92a6/c7717ac2d34d72649f0c608bfc99881c72ae.pdf
- Newkirk, A.B. 2010. The Rise of the Fusion-Intelligence Complex: A
Critique of Political Surveillance After 9/11. Surveillance & Society
8 (1): 43–60. http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.427.1648&rep=rep1&type=pdf
- Nikutta, R. 1987. Artificial Intelligence and the Automated
Tactical Battlefield. In Arms and Artificial Intelligence: Weapons and
Arms Control Applications of Advanced Computing, ed. A.M. Din, 100–134.
SIPRI: Stockholm, Sweden. https://www.sipri.org/publications/1987/arms-and-artificial-intelligence-weapons-and-arms-control-applications-advanced-computing
- Oren, I. 2006. Can Political Science Emulate the Natural Sciences?
The Problem of Self-disconfirming Analysis. Polity 38 (1): 72–100. https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/abs/10.1057/palgrave.polity.2300039
- Owen, T. 2015. Disruptive Power: The Crisis of the State in the
Digital Age. USA: Oxford University Press. https://global.oup.com/academic/product/disruptive-power-9780199363865?cc=tr&lang=en&
- Peled, A. 2014. Traversing Digital Babel: Information,
e-Government, and Exchange. Cambridge: MIT Press. https://mitpress.mit.edu/books/traversing-digital-babel
- Roland, A., and P. Shiman. 2002. Strategic Computing: DARPA and
the Quest for Machine Intelligence, 1983–1993. Cambridge: MIT Press. https://mitpress.mit.edu/books/strategic-computing
- Singer, P.W. 2009. Wired for War: The Robotics Revolution and
Conflict in the 21st Century. New York: Penguin. https://www.amazon.com/Wired-War-Robotics-Revolution-Conflict/dp/0143116843
- Singer, P.W., and A. Friedman. 2014. Cybersecurity: What Everyone
Needs to Know. New York: Oxford University Press. https://global.oup.com/academic/product/cybersecurity-and-cyberwar-9780199918119?cc=tr&lang=en&
- Tickner, A.B., and D.L. Blaney. 2013. Thinking International
Relations Differently. London: Routledge. https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/e/9781136473821
- How the CIA is Using Artificial Intelligence to Collect Social
Media Data https://futurism.com/how-the-cia-is-using-artificial-intelligence-to-collect-social-media-data/
- Data swamped US spy agencies put hopes on artificial intelligence https://phys.org/news/2017-09-swamped-spy-agencies-artificial-intelligence.html
- CIA plans to replace spies with AI https://thenextweb.com/artificial-intelligence/2018/04/23/cia-plans-to-replace-spies-with-ai/
- Putin says the nation that leads in AI ‘will be the ruler of the
world’ https://www.theverge.com/2017/9/4/16251226/russia-ai-putin-rule-the-world
- Is AI a Threat to Christianity?
Are you there, God? It’s I, robot. https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2017/02/artificial-intelligence-christianity/515463/
- Religion and the Robot http://awww.hods.org/pdf/Azriel%20Rosenfeld%20-%20Religion%20and%20the%20Robot.pdf
- Robots, Rights and Religion https://digitalcommons.butler.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1198&context=facsch_papers
- Can a Robot Join the Faith? By Avi Steinberg. The New Yorker, November
13, 2017 https://www.newyorker.com/tech/elements/can-a-robot-join-the-faith
- Google bans development of artificial-intelligence that could be
used for weapons, CEO says https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/google-artificial-intelligence-development-ban-weapons-software-ai-sundar-pichai-a8389591.html
- Can Democracy Survive the internet? By Nathaniel Persily Journal
of Democracy Volume 28, Number 2 April 2017
- How a Powerful Spy Camera Invented at Duke Ended Up in China’s
Hands High-tech camera, conceived by scientists for the Pentagon, finds
light by moving east By Wenxin Fan June 11, 2018 https://www.wsj.com/articles/how-a-powerful-spy-camera-invented-at-duke-ended-up-in-chinas-hands-1528714895
- Google’s true origin partly lies in CIA and NSA research grants
for mass surveillance https://qz.com/1145669/googles-true-origin-partly-lies-in-cia-and-nsa-research-grants-for-mass-surveillance/
- How the CIA made Google Inside the secret network behind mass surveillance,
endless war, and Skynet— https://medium.com/insurge-intelligence/how-the-cia-made-google-e836451a959e
- Predator Empire Drone Warfare and Full Spectrum Dominance. Ian G.
R. Shaw. The University of Minnesota Press, 2016. https://www.upress.umn.edu/book-division/books/predator-empire
- Swarm Troopers: How small drones will conquer the world. David
Hambling
The
Future of War: A History. Lawrence Freedman
- Nanoweapons: A growing Threat to Humanity. Louis A. Del Monte.
University of Nebraska Press, 2017.
- The Future of Violence: Robots, Germs, Hackers, and Drones. Benjamin
Wittes & Gabriella Blum.
- China's Giant Ionosphere-Zapping Radar Is a Defense System
Masquerading as Science https://www.popularmechanics.com/military/research/a21272688/china-giant-ionosphere-zapping-radar/
- D-Day: How technology helped win the Normandy invasion and World
War II by Michael S. Rosenwald. The Washington Post, June 6, 2018 https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/retropolis/wp/2018/06/06/d-day-how-american-and-british-technology-helped-win-the-battle-and-world-war-ii/?noredirect=on&utm_term=.d8b6e89a9b17
- Our Infant Information Revolution. Joseph S. Nye. Jun 15, 2018
- Tech World: Welcome to the Digital Revolution. Kevin Drum. Foreign Affairs -
July/August 2018 Issue
- Can science fiction help us prepare for
21st-century warfare? By ML Cavanaugh Los Angeles Times, May 28, 2018. http://www.latimes.com/opinion/op-ed/la-oe-cavanaugh-art-and-war-20180528-story.html
- Systems simulation artificial intelligence based
simulations of foreign policy decision making. Paul A. Anderson Stuart J.
Thorson. April 1982 Volume 27, Issue 2. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/bs.3830270211
- Foreign Policy Decision Making: Perception,
Cognition, and Artificial Intelligence. Edited by Donald A. Sylvan and
Steve Chan. (New York: Praeger Publishers, 1984. https://www.amazon.com/Foreign-Policy-Decision-Making-International/dp/0030697719
- Without binding rules, AI guidelines are just
wishful thinking. Emre Eren
Korkmaz. Open Global Rights, June
27, 2018. https://www.openglobalrights.org/without-binding-rules-aI-guidelines-are-just-wishful-thinking/?lang=English
- Can a machine think (anything new)? Automation
beyond simulation. M. Beatrice Fazi. AI & SOCIETY, 2018. https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2Fs00146-018-0821-0.pdf
- What Americans think about creating a new federal
agency to oversee the robots. Ashleigh Garrison. CNBC, July 1, 2018. https://www.cnbc.com/2018/06/29/what-americans-think-about-a-new-federal-agency-to-oversee-robots.html
- Pentagon’s AI Surge On Track, Despite Google
Protest In the long term, large government contracts and cutting-edge
projects will be hard for tech companies to resist. Lara Seligman. Foreign
Policy | June 29, 2018 https://foreignpolicy.com/2018/06/29/google-protest-wont-stop-pentagons-a-i-revolution/
- Prediction Machines: The Simple Economics of
Artificial Intelligence. Ajay Agrawal, Joshua Gans and Avi Goldfarb.
Harvard Bussines Review, 2018.
- Artificial Unintelligence: How Computers
Misunderstand the World. Meredith Broussard. IT Press, 2018. https://mitpress.mit.edu/books/artificial-unintelligence
- In The Coming Age of a Trustless Society via
Blockchain, We Won’t Trust Artificial Intelligence https://medium.com/@JenGreyson/in-the-coming-age-of-a-trustless-society-via-blockchain-we-wont-trust-artificial-intelligence-f019ff4caf2a
- AI education booming as China cultivates talent http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/a/201807/02/WS5b39bd06a3103349141e0269.html
- Robot Sophia inspires young Ethiopian AI
enthusiasts
- China to accelerate establishment of AI industry
clusters, report http://en.silkroad.news.cn/2018/0627/100954.shtml
- China to accelerate establishment of AI industry
clusters, report http://en.silkroad.news.cn/2018/0627/100954.shtml
- Can AI be used to run Political Systems?
- How Artificial Intelligence Will Reshape the
Global Order. Nicholas Wright. Foreign Affairs - July 10, 2018 https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/world/2018-07-10/how-artificial-intelligence-will-reshape-global-order
- The Rise of Big Data: How It's Changing the Way
We Think About the World Kenneth Cukier and Viktor Mayer-Schoenberger
Foreign Affairs Vol. 92, No. 3 (MAY/JUNE 2013) https://www.foreignaffairs.com/system/files/pdf/articles/2013/92305.pdf
- The threat of killer robots https://en.unesco.org/courier/2018-3/threat-killer-robots
- Automating Inequality: How High-Tech Tools Profile,
Police, and Punish the Poor. Virginia Eubanks. St. Martin's Press – 2018. https://internationalstudiesandsociology.blogspot.com/2018/07/automating-inequality-how-high-tech.html
- Weapons of Math Destruction: How Big Data
Increases Inequality and Threatens Democracy. Cathy O'Neil. New York,
2016. https://internationalstudiesandsociology.blogspot.com/2018/07/weapons-of-math-destruction-how-big.html
Recommended Movies and Documentaries:
1.
What is Artificial Intelligence?
2.
What is Artificial Intelligence
Exactly?
3.
How Will Artificial Intelligence
Affect Your Life | Jeff Dean | TEDxLA
4. Artificial
Intelligence and Robotics
5. Davos
2018: Google CEO Sundar Pichai on A.I., Cybersecurity, Tax
6. Minority
Report (2002)
7. Brazil
(1985)
8. A
Scanner Darkly (2006)
9. EX
MACHINA (2015)
10. Matrix
(1999)
11. UNCANNY
(2015)
12. 1984
George Orwell (1984)
13. Orwell's
1984 Summary
14. Westworld
(1973)
16. District
9 (2009)
17. I,
Robot (2004)
18. Her
(2013)
19. Surrogates
(2009)
- President Barack Obama on How Artificial Intelligence Will Affect
Jobs https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DgL32wtgeXQ
- The Dawn of Killer Robots
- The Most Dangerous Town on the Internet - Where Cybercrime Goes to
Hide
- How Israel Rules The World Of Cyber Security
- Slaughterbots
- Meet Sophia: The first robot declared a citizen by Saudi Arabia https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E8Ox6H64yu8
- Podcast Oklahoma Humanities: WILL DEMOCRACY SURVIVE THE INTERNET?
- US Military Released Micro Drone Swarm From FA 18 Super Hornet
Jet... https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CGAk5gRD-t0
- American Top Secret Killer Terminator Robots for Future US
Military Army https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Hoy9tgGEvSY
- Meet SAM, The First A.I. Politician
- The Future of War: A History, by Sir. Lawrence Freedman at KFCRIS https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g77rE_2nG2c
- The Imitation Game - Official Trailer - The Weinstein Company https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S5CjKEFb-sM
- The Betrayal by Technology A Portrait of Jacques Ellul https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BOCtu-rXfPk
- Humans, Gods and Technology - VPRO documentary - 2017 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tQd_5as_cMY
- The Future of Artificial Intelligence Documentary 2018 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UzT3Tkwx17A
- The Rise of AI https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Dk7h22mRYHQ
- Imagining The Singularity: What Happens When Computers Transcend
Us? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q6vtNPp2P94
- Slaughterbots, Robot Sophia and Google's Deepmind Exposed
- Artificial Intelligence Will Necessitate a Universal Basic Income
- Yanis Varoufakis https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BJapiiBcHPs
- What happens when our computers get smarter than we are? | Nick
Bostrom https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MnT1xgZgkpk
- The Real Reason to be Afraid of Artificial Intelligence | Peter
Haas | TEDxDirigo https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TRzBk_KuIaM
- Yoshua Bengio on intelligent machines
- Lo And Behold: Reveries of the Connected World - Official Trailer https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Zc1tZ8JsZvg
- Garry Kasparov on Artificial Intelligence, Technology and
Politics, and AlphaZero Chess https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Dj97gyu2vF4
Podcast:
- The
Future of Non-State Power. CSIS, 2018.
Websites:
- Robots and Artificial Intelligence https://www.cfr.org/robots-and-artificial-intelligence
- Artificial Intelligence | Center for Strategic and International
Studies https://www.csis.org/programs/technology-policy-program/technology-and-innovation/artificial-intelligence
- Artificial Intelligence - Brookings Institution https://www.brookings.edu/book/artificial-intelligence/
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE SYMPOSIUM - 1985 https://www.cia.gov/library/readingroom/document/cia-rdp87m00539r000600730001-2
- The European AI Alliance https://ec.europa.eu/digital-single-market/en/european-ai-alliance
- School for the Future of Innovation in Society - Arizona State
University https://sfis.asu.edu/
- Montreal Institute for Learning Algorithms University of Montreal https://mila.quebec/
- Oxford Internet Institute https://www.oii.ox.ac.uk/
- Artificial Intelligence - RAND https://www.rand.org/topics/artificial-intelligence.html
- Center for the Study of the Drone at Bard College http://dronecenter.bard.edu/
- A lexicon for artificial intelligence https://en.unesco.org/courier/2018-3/lexicon-artificial-intelligence
- Global AI Policy https://futureoflife.org/ai-policy/
- Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach (Third edition) by
Stuart Russell and Peter Norvig http://aima.cs.berkeley.edu/
Course Philosophy:
The goal of this course is to
become familiar with the social, political, and economic underpinnings of Artificial Intelligence and International
Relations. The success of this course depends on your continued and
sustained reading and participation. The course will be based on a
four-dimensional method of learning, which includes inquiry and critical
thinking; communication; and will draw on the diversity of human experience and
ethics and social responsibility. First, I would like you to critically analyze
what you learn in this class or have learned so far through the media and your
education, because in today’s world, truth is a relative concept. Throughout
human history, critical thinking is one of the most important factors that have
contributed to human development. In order to become active, self-motivated,
and empowered learners and future leaders, you will need to have the ability to
think critically, and therefore your criticism, feedback, and suggestions are
necessary. Second, I would like for you to enhance your writing and oral
communication skills in this course. Therefore, it is important to clearly
elaborate your arguments in class discussion as well as in the written
assignments.
Third, we are each part of the
human mosaic, and all have different experiences based on our unique social,
political, and economic differences. We can all learn from and respect each
other and benefit from our diversity. Please try to learn from and understand
those with different perspectives from your own. Lastly, we need to learn that
we are all part of this intellectual community and part of a larger society,
and all have social and ethical responsibilities to our family, community,
classmates, and humanity. We live in a globalized world and therefore, we need
to be aware of events in our community and the world today. In order to enhance
our knowledge, we must critically examine our social, political, and economic
environment in order to apply this knowledge to our experience.
Technique has penetrated the
deepest recesses of the human being. The machine tends not only to create a new
human environment, but also to modify man's very essence. The milieu in which
he lives is no longer his. He must adapt himself, as though the world were new,
to a universe for which he was not created. He was made to go six kilometers an
hour, and he goes a thousand. He was made to eat when he was hungry and to
sleep when he was sleepy; instead, he obeys a clock. He was made to have
contact with living things, and he lives in a world of stone. He was created
with a certain essential unity, and he is fragmented by all the forces of the
modern world.
― Jacques Ellul, The Technological Society
Course Requirements:
To prevent confusion later,
please read the following information:
Grades: Your grade for
this course will be based on your performance on the following components,
shown below with their dates and respective weights.
Item Date Weight (%)
Quizzes (4) 40.0
Weekly Class Presentations 10.0
Class Participation/Attendance 10.0
Newspaper Articles 10.0
Final Paper: You will select a topic related to Artificial
Intelligence and International Relations and will write a critical and
analytical paper. I must approve your final paper proposal first. Each student
must select a different topic with a well-defined research question, so it is important to clear your topic with me as soon as possible. For your final
paper, I created a sample format, which you will receive by email.
The final paper must be at
least 4,000 words. The last day to submit your final paper is Sunday 5th
week of the class.
CRITERIA: If you select an
organization after ………… you will lose 3 points!
If your paper
is late, you will lose another 4 points!
If your
final paper is less than 4,000 words, you will lose 5 points!
Quizzes: You will have 4 quizzes. The quizzes will have 20
questions from each week’s class readings and discussions. Each quiz is worth
10 points and each question is worth 0.5 point. You will find the schedule of
quizzes below. Please carefully review the quiz schedule. If you have schedule
conflict, drop the class. If you have any questions or concerns, please do not
hesitate to contact me directly.
Attendance: Regular
attendance is one of the most important parameters to successful completion of
the course requirements. If you miss more than 4 classes, you will not receive
an attendance grade. Excuses will not be
permitted for any reason.
Class
Participation: Each student must read the course materials before they
attend class and I expect them to participate in class discussion. Class
participation in the form of informed questions and comments will be taken into
consideration when determining your final grade. Additionally, the class
participation grade also depends on class attendance.
Weekly Presentations: Each week, two or three students will
be assigned a weekly topic from the readings. These students will summarize the
readings and prepare a content outline and 4-6 questions for the class, in
order to come prepared to lead the class discussion for 15 minutes. Each
student must always read the course materials before they attend class, and I
expect you to participate actively in the class discussion. I strongly
recommend that you present in earlier weeks rather than later in the semester,
because you may not find the right time available to present, and will loose
presentation points. Presentation dates are available on a first-come first-served
basis. The timeline for weekly presentations will be provided in the first week
of class. After we have filled in student names and finalized the weekly
presentation schedule.
Newspaper Articles: During the semester, you can bring 10
newspaper articles related to our class subjects.
You cannot bring more than
one article in the same week. You will have to summarize these articles in
class and will find the recommended newspapers listed on
http://internationalstudiesandsociology.blogspot.com/,
under the external links section.
Newspaper articles sent by email will not be accepted. Please bring to class
the first page of the printed/hard copy of the article. Some of the recommended
newspapers are The Guardian, Al-Jazeera, Democracynow.org, Financial
Times, The New York Times, The Wall Street Journal, Pravda, Haaretz, China Daily, and
The Economist. Please do not bring
articles from local newspapers!
PLEASE
READ CAREFULLY!
Coming late to class: Latecomers will not be accepted to class, so
be on time. If you are late for a class, please do not disturb your classmates
and me and do not come at all. Please also do not send an email or call me regarding your class
attendance. If there is a medical need, bring an official letter from a doctor.
Whatever the reason is, if you cannot come to class, this is your
responsibility. If you miss more than 4 classes, you will not receive an
attendance grade.
PLEASE
READ CAREFULLY!
Laptop and
cell phone policy: No laptops or cell phones will be allowed in this
class. Please turn your cell phone off before you come to class. If you use
the Internet/laptop or your cell phone during class, you will be asked to
leave.
PLEASE READ THE FOLLOWING ARTICLES:
- Why a
Leading Professor of New Media Just Banned Technology Use in Class
- Why You
Should Take Notes by Hand — Not on a Laptop
- To
Remember a Lecture Better, Take Notes by Hand
Responsibility: You and/or your parents pay tuition for this
class; therefore, you have responsibility to yourself and/or your parents.
Passing or failing the class is not the main objective, but rather that you
learn and improve your knowledge. Please read and try to understand the main
concepts of this class. If you are having difficulty, please do not hesitate to
see me and discuss your concerns!
Each year, almost more than one
million people graduate from Chinese and American public universities (see
http://collegecompletion.chronicle.com/).
As you will see from the statistics, the job market is very competitive;
therefore, students need to improve their knowledge, skill, and experience in
order to find a job they want. Learning is a lifelong process. An academic
institution like Shanghai University will provide you with an educational
discipline and methodology; everything else is up to you. You should study and
improve your skills, in order to compete with the rest of the graduates. While
you are in the program, you should apply for internships to obtain relevant
experiences before you graduate. Therefore, if you need a letter of
recommendation for an internship or job, please do not hesitate to ask me, if
you receive at least an A, A- or B+ grade from my class. Please also remember
that an undergraduate degree might not be enough to find the job you want;
therefore, you might need to apply to graduate school. In order to apply to
graduate school, you will also need to have a letter of recommendation. I am
also happy to advise you on graduate school or provide a letter of
recommendation if you receive an A, A- or B+ grade.
No Laptops and cell phones will be allowed
in this class!
Course
Timeline
|
WEEK - 1
Introduction to the Course
Overview of Syllabus
Introduction to Artificial
Intelligence and International Relations
1.
How
Technology Changes Society By WILLIAM FIELDING OGBURN
3.
Artificial
Intelligence (AI) And Global Geopolitics
- An Objectifying Interface Between Hard and
Social Sciences to Reconsider the Study of International Relations by
Renaud Barbat and Alexandre Dagiste
- Technology and International Relations by Sai
Felicia Krishna-Hensel http://internationalstudies.oxfordre.com/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780190846626.001.0001/acrefore-9780190846626-e-319
- Science, technology and international relations
by Charles Weis
- Impact of Science and Technology on
International Relations by B D Nagchaudhuri http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0020881788025002001
Documentary:
1.
A
Cyborg Manifesto by Donna Haraway
- How Will Artificial Intelligence Affect Your
Life | Jeff Dean | TEDxLA
|
|
WEEK - 2
Theoretical Foundations of
Artificial Intelligence
What
is the Artificial Intelligence?
- Digital Diplomacy: The Impact of the Internet
on International Relations.
Nicholas Westcott
2. New Technologies as a Factor of
International Relations New Technologies as a Factor of International
Relations
3. Artificial Intelligence and Foreign
Policy
- Artificial Intelligence and National Security
by Greg Allen and Taniel Chan https://www.belfercenter.org/publication/artificial-intelligence-and-national-security
- Beyond a Human Framework of International
Relations by Brett Daniel Shehadey
https://www.diplomaticourier.com/beyond-a-human-framework-of-international-relations/
- Technological Ambivalence and International
Relations by Stefan Fritsch
Documentary:
- Meet Sophia: The first robot declared a citizen by Saudi Arabia https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E8Ox6H64yu8
- Will Smith Tries Online Dating https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ml9v3wHLuWI
|
|
WEEK - 3
Theoretical Foundations of
Artificial Intelligence
What is the Artificial
Intelligence?
2.
Artificial
Intelligence on the Front Lines by Thom Dixon - Australian Institute of
International Affairs
3.
How
Robots Will Break Politics
4.
Polity
Without Politics? Artificial Intelligence Versus Democracy Lessons From Neal
Asher’s Polity Universe
Documentary:
QUIZ – 1
|
|
WEEK - 4
Economy and Artificial
Intelligence
1.
Economic
reasoning and artificial intelligence
3.
Artificial
Intelligence and Economic Growth
4.
How
Artificial Intelligence Is Taking Over the Economy
Documentary:
- AI & The Future of Work | Volker Hirsch |
TEDxManchester https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dRw4d2Si8LA
- Will robots steal our jobs? - The future of
work (1/2) | DW https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6IOH7b68byk
- Will robots steal our jobs? - The future of
work (2/2) | DW https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NGUbboTjT18
|
|
WEEK – 5
Society and Artificial
Intelligence
1.
The
Future Computed: Artificial Intelligence and its Role in Society
2.
Benefits
& Risks of Artificial Intelligence
4.
The
Future of Artificial Intelligence and its Impact on Society
Extra Readings:
Documentary:
3. Jacques Ellul
- Understanding our Age
QUIZ – 2
|
|
WEEK - 6
Security and Artificial Intelligence
2.
Artificial
Intelligence and Cybersecurity: The Real Deal
Documentary:
2. The Dawn of
Killer Robots
3. American Top
Secret Killer Terminator Robots for Future US Military Army Full Documentary
|
|
WEEK - 7
State and Artificial Intelligence
1.
ARTIFICIAL
INTELLIGENCE AND FOREIGN POLICY DECISION-MAKING Russ H. Berkoff Major, United
States Army B.S., United States Military Academy, 1981 Submitted in partial
fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE IN
DEFENSE ANALYSIS from the NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL December 1997. https://calhoun.nps.edu/handle/10945/7993
- Artificial Intelligence and Formal Models of International
Behavior by Philip A. Schrodt
The
American Sociologist Vol. 19, No. 1 (Spring, 1988), pp. 71-85
https://www.jstor.org/stable/27698411?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents
5. Can AI Be Used
to Run Political Systems?
6. Artificial
Intelligence and Politics
Documentary:
- How Israel Rules The World Of Cyber Security
QUIZ – 3
|
|
WEEK - 8
Private Military Contractors and
Artificial Intelligence
3. How AI and Robotics Will Disrupt the Defense Industry
4. Artificial Intelligence in Defence and Security
Industry
Documentary:
1. Artificial Intelligence
|
|
WEEK - 9
Case Studies: Defense Advanced
Research Projects Agency, USA
- Artificial Intelligence - CSIS
https://www.csis.org/programs/technology-policy-program/technology-and-innovation/artificial-intelligence
- The Race for Artificial Intelligence. DefenseOne. June 2018 https://www.defenseone.com/assets/race-ai/portal/
Case Studies: China and Artificial
Intelligence
1. How China is preparing for an AI-powered Future
2. Next Generation Artificial Intelligence Development
Plan Issued by State Council
3. Translation: Chinese government outlines AI
ambitions through 2020
4. Artificial Intelligence and Chinese Power Beijing's
Push for a Smart Military—and How to Respond. Elsa B. Kania. Foreign Affairs,
December 5, 2017.
Extra
Readings:
Documentary:
2. Dangers of artificial intelligence
QUIZ – 4
|
|
WEEK - 10
Artificial Intelligence and
Democracy/Citizenship/Media/Education
1.
How
Artificial Intelligence Conquered Democracy
2.
How
artificial intelligence conquered democracy
4. The Future Is Artificial: AI Adoption in Broadcast and
Media
5. Artificial Intelligence Poised to Revolutionise
Media Agency Structure
Documentary:
- HEWLETT PACKARD ENTERPRISE - Moral Code: The
Ethics of AI https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=3&v=GboOXAjGevA
|
